Project Play is anchored in the notion that all children and adolescents, regardless of zip code or ability, should have access to high-quality sport activity that allows them to develop as human beings. Research by the Aspen Institute and others consistently shows the physical, mental, social, emotional, cognitive and academic benefits that flow to youth whose bodies are in motion. We also know communities thrive when they promote policies and develop infrastructure that encourage sport and recreation activity.

This page summarizes Project Play insights over a decade of research to explain why kids play sports, why they should and why they don’t. We intend this page as a one-stop resource for parents, coaches, advocates, sports leaders, policymakers, philanthropists and entrepreneurs who want to understand the state of play in the world’s largest youth sports marketplace.

 
Who's Playing
Where They Play
Why They Play
Why They Should Play
Why They Don't Play
Why It Matters
 
 
 
 
 

27,291,283

U.S. youth ages 6-17 who played organized sports in 2023, according to the National Survey of Children's Health

 

55.4%

Youth sports participation in 2023

63.3%

Federal government target for youth sports participation by 2030

 
How We'll Reach 63% BY 2030
 
 
More Participation Trends
 

Participation is highest in New England and the Midwest, lower in the South and Southwest

 
National Survey of Children's Health Data Resource Center
 
 

Girls participate at a lower rate than boys. While the gap is closing at the national level, it remains wide in some communities

 
 
 

Community-based play most common form of participation, but interscholastic sports peak in high school

 
National Youth Sport Parent Survey Data
 
 

Basketball is the most popular sport nationally but participation varies by region, community

 
 
Participation Heat Maps by Sport
 
 

What kids enjoy about play: trying their best, improving their skills and playing with friends

 
LEARN ABOUT THE "FUN MAPS" RESEARCH
 
 

Parents believe regular sports participation has physical, mental health benefits

 
 
 

Project Play’s State of Play Youth Survey asks young people why they play. The most common answer? Having fun

 
Project Play's Community Reports
 
 

Parents have high hopes for their child’s future sports career

 
National Survey of High School Athletes
 

Physically active kids become physically active, productive adults who are more likely to raise physically active kids of their own

 
 

+ Graphics Methodology

We examined the top 10 cities (overall ranked) in the 2019 ACSM American Fitness Index to understand the values, capital and financial investments, and environments of a community that invests in sport and recreation. The cities with the highest scores are considered to have a strong community fitness, a concept comparable to individuals having strong personal fitness.

+ Graphics Sources

Active Kids Do Better In Life

Ratey, J. J., and Hagerman, E., Spark: The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and the Brain, Little, Brown & Company, 2014.

Moore, L. et al., “Does early physical activity predict body fat change throughout childhood?,” Preventative Medicine, 37:10-17, 2003.

Grissom, J., “Physical Fitness and Academic Achievement,” Journal of Exercise Physiology, 8(1), 11-25, 2005.

Staurowsky, E.J., “Her Life Depends On It: Sport, Physical Activity, and the Health and Well-Being of American Girls and Women,” East Meadow, NY: Women’s Sports Foundation, 2009.

Jones-Palm, D.H. and Palm, J., “Physical Activity and Its Impact on Health Behavior among Youth,” 2005.

Lieras, C., “Do skills and behaviors in high school matter? The contribution of noncognitive factors in explaining differences in educational attainment and earnings,” Social Science Research, 27:888-902, 2008.

Stevenson, B., “Beyond the Classroom: Using Title IX to Measure the Return to High School Sports,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 92:284-301, 2010.

Cawley, J. and Meyerhoefer, C., “The medical care costs of obesity: An instrumental variables approach,” Journal of Health Economics, 31(1), 219-230, January 2012.

Proper, K.I. et al., “Dose-response relation between physical activity and sick leave,” British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(2), 173-178, 2006; 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2008.

Olshansky, S.J. et al., “A Potential Decline in Life Expectancy in the United States in the 21st Century,” New England Journal of Medicine, 352(1):1138-1145, March 17, 2005.

Fires, J., “Physical activity, the compression of morbidity, and the health of the elderly,” Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 89, 64-68, 1996.

Moore, L.L. et al., “Influence of Parents’ Physical Activity Levels on Activity Levels of Young Children,” Journal of Pediatrics, 118(2):215-219, 1991.

Active Communities Do Better

American College of Sports Medicine. (2019, August 17). ACSM American Fitness Index.

Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. (2016, June 3). FastStats. National Center for Health Statistics: Obesity & Overweight.

Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. (2020, February 25). Facts About Hypertension | cdc.gov. High Blood Pressure: Facts About Hypertension.

Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. (2020b, June 22). Heart Disease Facts | cdc.gov. Heart Disease Facts.

National Recreation and Park Association. (2017). The Economic Impact of Local Parks | Research | National Recreation and Park Association. The Economic Impact of Parks: An Examination of the Economic Impacts of Operations and Capital Spending by Local Park and Recreation Agencies on the U.S. Economy.

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2019, September 20). Unemployment Rates for Metropolitan Areas. Local Area Unemployment Statistics.

Open Data Network. (2018). High School Graduation Rate Data for Arlington, VA - Graduation Rates on the Open Data Network. High School Graduation Rates.

NPR, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, & Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. (2017, July 11). Sports and Health in America. Sports and Health in America.

 
 

On average, families spend over $1,000 for their child to play their primary sport

 
 
 

The cost to play popular sports has nearly doubled since before the pandemic

 
 
 

Middle- and upper-income families are spending more than the national average

 
Learn more about costs to play
 
 

Kids are being pressured to specialize in one sport

 
 
 

Managing a child’s youth sports career is a major (and growing) time commitment for parents

 
More Insights from the National Youth Sport Parent Survey
 
 

Parents recognize the value of trained coaches, but the requirements and costs of coach training are rising

 
How Organizations are Meeting the Million Coaches Challenge
 
 

Long-term injuries, like ACL tears, are increasing among young athletes

Get involved with the National ACL Injury Coalition
 
 

Why youth sports matters now…

 

…to our families

…to our schools

…to our communities

…to our nation

 

…to our world

 
 
 
 
Learn about the Social Benefit of Youth Sports